Pattern of microbial translocation in patients living with HIV-1 from Vietnam,Ethiopia and Sweden

Introduction

The role of microbial translocation (MT) in HIV patients living with HIV from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is not fully known. The aim of this study is to investigate and compare the patterns of MT in patients from Vietnam, Ethiopia and Sweden.

Methods

Cross-sectional samples were obtained from treatment-naïve patients living with HIV-1 and healthy controls from Vietnam (n=83; n=46), Ethiopia (n=9492; n=50) and Sweden (n=51; n=19). Longitudinal samples were obtained from a subset of the Vietnamese (n=24) in whom antiretroviral therapy (ART) and tuberculostatics were given. Plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS), sCD14 and anti-flagellin IgG were determined by the endpoint chromogenic Limulus Amebocyte Assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results

All three biomarkers were significantly increased in patients living with HIV-1 from all countries as compared to controls. No differences were found between males and females. Vietnamese and Ethiopian patients had significantly higher levels of anti-flagellin IgG and LPS, as compared to Swedes. ART reduced these levels for the Vietnamese. Vietnamese patients given tuberculostatics at initiation of ART had significantly lower levels of anti-flagellin IgG and higher sCD14. The biomarkers were lower in Vietnamese who did not develop opportunistic infection.

Conclusions

Higher MT is common in patients living with HIV compared to healthy individuals, and in patients from LMICs compared to patients from a high-income country. Treatment with tuberculostatics decreased MT while higher levels of MT are associated with a poorer clinical outcome.     

音乐疗法对高血压病患者血压的影响

目的探讨音乐疗法对高血压病患者血压的影响效果。方法将加例高血压病患者随机分为实验组和对照组各20例。两组患者基础治疗方法相同,观察组增加音乐疗法。结果两组患者治疗后血压结果比较,经统计学分析,均P<0.05,差异有统计学意义。结论对高血压病患者在应用药物治疗的同时增加音乐疗法,对降压药物起到明显的增效作用。     

治疗中期的帕金森病患者辅助练习医疗气功前后认知电位P300变化观察

目的:探讨帕金森病患者在临床治疗前后辅助练习医疗气功认知电位P300的变化。方法:使用丹麦DantecConcertoSEEG-16道电生理仪器以及“听觉靶-非靶刺激序列”为诱发条件,对33例药物治疗中期的帕金森病患者作医疗气功辅助治疗3个月,观察练习医疗气功前后的P300电位的变化。结果:帕金森病组P300与正常对照组存在多项指标差异,P3潜伏期延迟尤甚。帕金森病组功前靶潜伏期P2(197±25)ms,N2(258±25)ms,P3(348±28)ms,正常对照组上述指标分别为(171±31),(235±27)ms,(313±25)ms;帕金森病组功前非靶潜伏期N1(129±27)ms,P2(226±26)ms,正常对照组上述指标分别为(99±12),(200±33)ms;帕金森病组功前靶波幅P2(4.5±1.8)μV,P3(7.8±1.7)μV,正常对照组上述指标分别为(6.2±2.7),(5.3±2.9)μV,统计学处理以上指标差异均达显著性或极显著性意义(P<0.05或<0.01)。练习医疗气功后其N2、P3潜伏期缩短的同时犤靶潜伏期N2正常对照组(235±27)ms,帕金森病组功前(258±25)ms,功后(240±21)ms,F值7.5,P<0.05;靶潜伏期P3正常对照组(313±25)ms,帕金森病组功前(348±28)ms,功后(323±25)ms,F=14.1,P<0.01〗,其临床症状也获得改善。结论:帕金森病患者有认知功能改变,在药物治疗的同时,辅助医疗气功治疗可使其获得改善。     

CAG正常的高血压患者心肌核素显像分析

目的:探讨冠脉造影(CAG)正常的高血压患者(HP)SPECT心肌灌注显像(MPT)特点及临床意义。方法:应用99Tcm-甲氧基异丁基异腈(MIBI) MPT定性与半定量记分法,比较20例CAG正常的HP患者及10例正常对照组运动负荷/静息心肌显像特点。结果:①两组受检者MPT分析。HP组MPT阳性率为65%(13/20),明显高于对照组10%(1/10);且多为可逆性缺损(30/36),伴以少数部分可逆性缺损及反向分布(4/36,2/36)。HP组中,7例左室壁肥厚(LVH)患者均为MPT阳性,其节段灌注异常出现的机率要明显高于13例无LVH的患者(P<0.01)。HP组13例MPT阳性患者间比较,7例LVH患者节段灌注异常的发生率较6例无LVH患者无明显差异(P>0.05),但负荷显像其各节段缺血的严重程度明显高于6例无LVH患者(P<0.05)。②两组受检者左室射血分数(LVEF)值测定未见明显差异(P>0.05)。结论:①CAG正常的HP患者,无论是壁肥厚与否均存在心肌血流灌注异常的可能,并随着室壁肥厚的发生,其可能性及严重程度明显增加。②CAG正常的高血压患者静息状态下左室射血功能多无异常。     

Chlorhexidine and silver-sulfadiazine coated central venous catheters in haematological patients—a double-blind,randomised, prospective,controlled trial

Background Central venous catheters (CVCs) are essential for the intensive care of patients with haematological illness. Catheter-related infections (CRI) are an important problem in modern medicine, which may lead to life-threatening situations, to prolonged hospitalisation and increased cost. In immunocompromised patients suffering from haemato-oncological diseases, CRI is a significant factor for adverse outcome. Several clinical studies have shown that CVCs coated with antiseptics such as chlorhexidine and silver-sulfadiazine (CHSS) reduce the risk of catheter-related bacteraemia. Most studies, however, were performed on intensive care patients not suffering from chemotherapy-induced immunosuppression.Patients and methods A prospective double-blind, randomised, controlled trial was performed to investigate the effectiveness of CHSS-coated catheters in haemato-oncological patients. A total number of 184 catheters (median duration of placement, 11 days) were inserted into 184 patients (male 115, female 69), of which 90 were antiseptically coated. After removal, all catheters were investigated for bacterial growth.Main results Catheters coated with CHSS were effective in reducing the rate of significant bacterial growth on either the tip or subcutaneous segment (26%) compared to control catheters (49%). The incidence of catheter colonisation was also significantly reduced (12% coated vs 33% uncoated). Data obtained show a significant reduction of catheter colonisation in CHSS catheters. There was no significant difference in the incidence of catheter-related bacteraemia (3% coated vs 7% uncoated). However, due to the overall low rate of CRI, we could not observe a significant reduction in the incidence of catheter-related bacteraemia.Conclusion Our data show that the use of CHSS catheters in patients with haematological malignancy reduces the overall risk of catheter colonisation and CRI, although the incidence of catheter-related bacteremia was similar in both groups.     

四维自动左心房定量技术评估原发性高血压患者左心房功能

目的 探讨四维自动左心房定量(4D AUTO LAQ)技术评价原发性高血压(EH)患者左心房重塑的临床应用价值。方法 收集2020年9月至2021年9月就诊于我院的EH患者99例,根据左心室质量指数(LVMI)将病例组分为非左心室壁肥厚(NLVH)组(n=53),左心室壁肥厚(LVH)组(n=46)；血压正常健康体检者48例作为对照组(n=48)。常规及组织多普勒超声检查获取左心房内径(LADs)、左心室质量(LVM)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、二尖瓣口舒张早期流速(E)、二尖瓣口舒张晚期流速(A)、二尖瓣环舒张早期运动速度峰值(e")、E/e"等参数；4D AUTO LAQ技术检查获取左心房的容积和应变参数,包括左心房最小容积(LAVmin)、左心房收缩前容积(LAVpreA)、左心房最大容积(LAVmax)、左心房容积指数(LAVI)、左心房储器期纵向应变(LASr)、左心房储器期圆周应变(LASr-c)、左心房导管期纵向应变(LAScd)、左心房导管期圆周应变(LAScd-c)、左心房增压泵期纵向应变(LASct)、左心房增压泵期圆周应变(LASct-c)等,比较三组各参数差异；绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线计算4D AUTO LAQ技术各参数的曲线下面积。结果 常规超声结果显示：与对照组相比,NLVH组LADs、LVEF差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)；与对照组相比,LVH组LADs增大,LVEF降低(P<0.05)；与NLVH组相比,LVH组LADs增大(P<0.05),LVEF差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。4D AUTO LAQ技术结果显示：与对照组相比,NLVH组LASr、LAScd降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),LAEF差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)；LVH组LASr、LASr-c、LASct、LASct-c、LAScd、LAEF降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)；LVH组LASr、LASr-c、LASct、LASct-c、LAEF低于NLVH组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示LASr评价EH患者左心房功能比其它左心房应变参数更敏感(对照组和NLVH组比较,曲线下面积为0.813；对照组和LVH组比较,曲线下面积为0.918；NLVH组和LVH组比较,曲线下面积为0.790)。结论 EH患者左心房应变改变早于左心室收缩功能改变。左心房应变参数中,LASr、LAScd评估EH患者左心房功能的效能最高。4D AUTO LAQ技术可用于高血压患者早期左心房容积及应变参数的获取,从而对左心房功能进行评估。     

供精体外受精-胚胎移植受术者的心理护理

目的探讨供精体外受精-胚胎移植受术者的心理问题及护理对策。方法随机抽取42例供精体外受精-胚胎移植受术者作为观察对象,通过自行设计的调查表,动态了解和分析他们的心理状态。然后在常规护理的基础上对她们实施心理干预,并将接受干预前后的测试结果进行比较。结果42例受术者接受心理干预后,其睡眠质量及自卑、孤独无助、抑郁、矛盾等心理问题均得到改善(P<0.01)。结论对供精体外受精-胚胎移植受术者适时进行心理分析和实施心理干预,能明显消除其负性心理,提高其治疗的依从性和治疗效果。     

高血压合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者夜间动态血压监测及护理

目的分析高血压合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者夜间血压变化特点。方法应用无创性携带式动态血压监测仪对合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的高血压患者（30例）和单纯高血压患者（30例）进行动态血压监测，取晚间20：00至次晨8：00监测值进行分析。结果与对照组相比，高血压合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者夜间的血压不降反升，其中夜间23：00至次晨5：00两组患者的血压差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论 高血压合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者夜间血压失去了生理性下降的规律；加强健康宣教，提高认识，将有助于及时发现和治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者。     

东莞市流动人口妊高征发生与进展的特点分析

目的分析流动人口妊高征发生的流行病学特点,探讨孕产期保健与妊高征发病率之间的关系。方法2001年1月~2002年12月间共收治妊高征病人287例,其中流动人口发病219例,总结比较流动人口与常驻人口中妊高征发病率的差异,分析产检次数、文化程度与妊高征发生、进展的关系。结果流动人口中妊高征发病率显著高于常驻人口组(P<0.05),且与流动人口孕产期产检次数不足有关(P<0.05)。结论加强流动人口中孕妇孕产期保健有利于减少妊高征的发病率。